By Kayla Lee  |  Ilwolobongdo (日月五峯圖) is a traditional painting from the Joseon Dynasty and an important work of art that symbolizes the authority of the king. It is widely known as a folding screen placed behind the throne in palaces, and is characterized by a scene depicting the sun, moon, five mountain peaks, and the turbulent waves below. It symbolizes the long life of the king and queen and a prayer for the country's prosperity.

Natural elements and symbols

The sun and moon symbolize the king and queen in Ilwolobongdo, and they are symmetrical to each other, representing the harmony of yin and yang. The five peaks reflect the geographical identity of Joseon: Mt. Samgak in the center, Mt. Geumgang in the east, Mt. Myohyang in the west, Mt. Jiri in the south, and Mt. Baekdu in the north. In addition, the pine tree in the foreground symbolizes longevity, and as one of the 10 traditional symbols of longevity, it expresses Joseon's idealized view of nature.

Symmetry and unrealistic composition

 
Ilwolobongdo symbolizes the harmony of nature by depicting an unrealistic scene in which the sun and moon float at the same time. The symmetrical format emphasizes the majesty of the painting and gives the viewer a sense of security. Despite the unrealistic time setting, the composition aesthetically conveys the reverence for nature and art in Joseon Dynasty.

Historical background and meaning

This work is usually placed behind the king's throne and functions as a symbol of kingship. It was believed that the painting was only complete when the king was seated, and there was a tradition that when the king died, the painting was buried with him. It is a unique cultural legacy of the Joseon Dynasty, an artistic expression of the sanctity of kingship and the authority of the king.

Origin and interpretation

The motif of the Ilwolobongdo is believed to have originated from the “Heavenly Treasures” section of the Confucian scripture, the Shijing. It reflects the Confucian ideas of the Joseon Dynasty and symbolizes prayers for the health of the king and queen and the prosperity of the nation.

A modern reimagining

Appearing on the front of South Korea's 10,000 won banknote in 2007, alongside a portrait of King Sejong the Great, Ilwolobongdo has become an important part of the country's cultural heritage in modern times. The painting represents a unique piece of Joseon art and thought and provides important clues to understanding the history and culture of the Joseon Dynasty.

In conclusion, Ilwolobongdo is an original work of Joseon art, symbolizing the harmony between nature, humans, and kingship. Understanding its symbolism and historical background will help us appreciate Joseon's cultural heritage and gain a deeper understanding of the artistic soul of the era.